Surgeon Dentist/Public Agent front to the Civil liability and the Odontolgica Ethics Introduction the objective of this work is to take Surgeon-Dentist to a reflection on its position as public agent of health, front to the civil liability. Until point will be exerting fully its rights? Civil liability of State x of the Public Agent – Federal Constitution, article 37, 6 ' ' The legal people of rendering public law and of private law of public services will answer for the damages that its agents, in this quality, to cause third, assured the right of return against responsible in the cases of deceit or culpa.' ' The State, for comissivos or omissivos acts of its agents (Surgeon-Dentist/serving public of municipal city halls and state and federal public agencies) answers objective for the actual damages third. This means that the civil liability of the State independe of the evidence of the existence of guilt of the agent. It has that to be characterized, however, the installment of the public service, the damage and the causal nexus, that is, the relation of cause and effect enters the behavior of the agent and the damage that if it intends to repair. – Civil Code, article 15 ' ' The legal people of Public law are civilly responsible for acts of its representatives who in this quality cause damages third, proceeding from contrary way to the Right or to have prescribed lacking it for law, except for the regressive right against the causers of dano.' ' (grifo ours) the institute of the return right protects to the State, after to repay the victim, the possibility to promote action of return against the public, .causing agent of the damage, having deceit or guilt on the part of this last one, to recoup everything what it expended with the indemnity of the victim. Exemplificando Contamination crossed due to sterilization of the hand parts.